Infobox gold

Gold, ₇₉Au

Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/caption
Gold
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Allotropes	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes
Appearance	metallic yellow
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope
Gold in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	79
Group	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-group
Period	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-period
Block	Template:Infobox element/block format
Electron configuration	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase
Melting point	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point	3243 K ​(2970 °C, ​5378 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.3 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	342 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−28.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 296 K)
Tensile strength	120 MPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.4
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	188–216 MPa
Brinell hardness	188–245 MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
History
Naming	from Latin , meaning gold
Discovery	In the Middle East (before 6000 BCE)
Symbol	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology
Main isotopes of gold

Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

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Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the core template {{Infobox element}} (talk).

Parameters

In general

Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 °C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.

All this can vary across the values (data rows). So depending on the row and the specific value, additional formattings may be added by the template (e.g., a newline <br/>)

Central data values

Some data, like standard atomic weight, are read from a central list. This way, enwiki has the same values everywhere. See § Chemical element data sets for more.

Parameter naming patterns

Most parameters have a ... ref that allows for references. This reference is added right after the unit.

ionization energy ref

Parameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):

ionization energy comment

Numbered values make a list:

ionization energy

ionization energy 2

ionization energy 3

Parameter list

Chemical element data sets

Infobox element reads data from these lists (i.e., not by local parameter) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to--overview1

Main isotopes box

As of 7 Jan 2023, the "Main isotopes of <element>" tabular list will be read directly from the Isobox: "Infobox <element> isotopes". For example, {{Infobox uranium}} will read the table live from {{Infobox uranium isotopes}}.

The headerbar provides View-Edit links to that Isobox.

Main isotopes of uranium

Isotope subtemplates (deprecated)

As of 7 Jan 2023, isotopes data is read live from the Isobox. See § Main isotopes box.

So row-templates like {{Infobox element/isotopes decay}} are deprecated, and do not show anyway.

Isotopes (deprecated here, use {{Infobox <element> isotopes}})

|isotopes=none suppresses the table (-header). See E122, E124. E119 and higher do not have a page [[Isotopes of ...]]. Their infoboxes do not have a link then. Isotopes are to be entered by the editor usingin these subtemplates: {{Infobox element/isotopes stable}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay4}} Examples (from various elements): | isotopes = {{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=Fluorine-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=251 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=898 y | dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=2.645 y | dm1=α (96.91%) | de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm | dm2=SF (3.09%) | de2=– | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=7.17×105 y | dm1=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26 | pn1=26 | ps1=Mg | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=– | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg | dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=– }} {{Infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=260 | sym=Md | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=31.8 [[day|d]] | dm1=SF | de1=– | pn1= | ps1=– | dm2=α | de2=7.000 | link2=einsteinium-256 | pn2=256 | ps2=Es | dm3=ε | de3=– | link3=fermium-260 | pn3=260 | ps3=Fm | dm4=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de4=1.000 | link4=nobelium-260 | pn4=260 | ps4=No }} |isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|2006 }}<br/><!-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --> * = [[excited state]]

Theoretical elements handling (E119)

As of 1 Jan 2023, elements E119 and higher are not discovered. These are called theoretical elements. They can have article and other content pages though. Incidentally, this concerns period 8 completely. For this infobox, their redirected pages do not count (are treated as: R page does not exist).

Possible situations regarding articles & discovery, are:

• "E118": E1–E118, discovered, existing full set, mentioned here for easy reference
• "E119": E119, E120
• "E121": E121, E122, E124, E126
• "E127, E185": E123, E125, E127 ... Unbitrium Redirect: no article, no other content pages.

Creation of pages is governed by MOS:NONEWELEMENTS. This infobox must distinguish between three typical (exemplary) elements: E118 (regular element), E119 and E121.

Handling of these element infoboxes is hardcoded in the meta-infobox, by checking |number= (Z).

• Theoretical element: above-header shows

Theoretical element

Applied: when element is theoretical (E119 and higher); automatically.

• No article "Isotopes of <element>": Header does not link

E119: Main isotopes of ununennium

E121: Main isotopes of unbiunium

Applied: E119, E120 do link, E121 and higher do not link.

• No isotopes known, Isobox does not exist: local input, per Infobox. For example:

Transclusion of the isobox is suppressed (no redlink),

E119: |theoretical isotopes comment=Experiments and theoretical calculations

Applied: E119 and up: have no Isobox, so no isotopes lists is shown—at all. Instead, the parametertext is shown as present.

Subtemplates

These subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.

• {{Infobox element/pronunciation}} (data)
• {{Infobox element/standard atomic weight format}}
• {{Infobox element/block format}}
• {{Infobox element/periodic table}} (extends period 8 when atomic number ≥ 119. See {{Infobox ununennium}}).

Bare Periodic table, micro

• {{Infobox element/spectral lines}}
• {{Infobox element/vapor pressure table}}
• {{Infobox element/crystal structure}}

English variant spellings (ENGVAR)

All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is aluminium, sulfur, caesium, not aluminum, sulphur, cesium. For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapour) the infobox reads |engvar=. The parameter should be set in the article, and has options: en-US (or blank; default), en-GB, en-OED.

parameter	en-US (default)	en-GB	en-OED
color	color	coloUr	coloUr
heat vaporization	vaporiZation	vaporiSation	vaporiZation
vapor pressure	vapor	vapoUr	vapoUr
ionization energy	ioniZation	ioniSation	ioniZation
crystal structure (list)	-centEred	-centred	-centred
... oxidation-state/comment	parenthesized	brackets	brackets

Note, what is shown in the infobox is not influenced by the parameter name spelling, nor its input value.

Articles having engvar set: see Category:WikiProject Elements pages using ENGVAR (0)

TemplateData

TemplateData documentation used by VisualEditor and other tools

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools. TemplateData for Infobox gold No description. Template parameters Parameter Description Type Status symbol symbol no description Unknown optional number number no description Unknown optional name name no description Unknown optional image name image name no description Unknown optional image upright image upright no description Unknown optional proposed name proposed name no description Unknown optional alt names alt names no description Unknown optional alt name alt name no description Unknown optional appearance appearance no description Unknown optional standard atomic weight ref standard atomic weight ref no description Unknown optional mass number comment mass number comment no description Unknown optional abundance abundance no description Unknown optional abundance in earth's crust abundance in earth's crust no description Unknown optional abundance in oceans abundance in oceans no description Unknown optional abundance in solar system abundance in solar system no description Unknown optional above above no description Unknown optional below below no description Unknown optional left left no description Unknown optional right right no description Unknown optional group ref group ref no description Unknown optional group comment group comment no description Unknown optional period ref period ref no description Unknown optional period comment period comment no description Unknown optional block ref block ref no description Unknown optional block comment block comment no description Unknown optional electron configuration comment electron configuration comment no description Unknown optional electrons per shell electrons per shell no description Unknown optional electrons per shell ref electrons per shell ref no description Unknown optional electrons per shell comment electrons per shell comment no description Unknown optional physical properties comment physical properties comment no description Unknown optional physical properties physical properties no description Unknown optional engvar engvar no description Unknown optional color color no description Unknown optional phase phase no description Unknown optional phase comment phase comment no description Unknown optional melting point K melting point K no description Unknown optional melting point prefix melting point prefix no description Unknown optional melting point C melting point C no description Unknown optional melting point F melting point F no description Unknown optional melting point ref melting point ref no description Unknown optional melting point comment melting point comment no description Unknown optional boiling point K boiling point K no description Unknown optional boiling point prefix boiling point prefix no description Unknown optional boiling point C boiling point C no description Unknown optional boiling point F boiling point F no description Unknown optional boiling point ref boiling point ref no description Unknown optional boiling point comment boiling point comment no description Unknown optional sublimation point K sublimation point K no description Unknown optional sublimation point C sublimation point C no description Unknown optional sublimation point F sublimation point F no description Unknown optional sublimation point ref sublimation point ref no description Unknown optional sublimation point comment sublimation point comment no description Unknown optional density gplstp density gplstp no description Unknown optional density gplstp ref density gplstp ref no description Unknown optional density gplstp comment density gplstp comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt density gpcm3nrt no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt ref density gpcm3nrt ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt comment density gpcm3nrt comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 density gpcm3nrt 2 no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 ref density gpcm3nrt 2 ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 comment density gpcm3nrt 2 comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 density gpcm3nrt 3 no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 ref density gpcm3nrt 3 ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 comment density gpcm3nrt 3 comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp density gpcm3mp no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp ref density gpcm3mp ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp comment density gpcm3mp comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp density gpcm3bp no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp ref density gpcm3bp ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp comment density gpcm3bp comment no description Unknown optional molar volume molar volume no description Unknown optional molar volume unit molar volume unit no description Unknown optional molar volume ref molar volume ref no description Unknown optional molar volume comment molar volume comment no description Unknown optional triple point K triple point K no description Unknown optional triple point kPa triple point kPa no description Unknown optional triple point ref triple point ref no description Unknown optional triple point comment triple point comment no description Unknown optional triple point K 2 triple point K 2 no description Unknown optional triple point kPa 2 triple point kPa 2 no description Unknown optional triple point 2 ref triple point 2 ref no description Unknown optional triple point 2 comment triple point 2 comment no description Unknown optional critical point K critical point K no description Unknown optional critical point MPa critical point MPa no description Unknown optional critical point ref critical point ref no description Unknown optional critical point comment critical point comment no description Unknown optional heat fusion heat fusion no description Unknown optional heat fusion ref heat fusion ref no description Unknown optional heat fusion comment heat fusion comment no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 heat fusion 2 no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 ref heat fusion 2 ref no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 comment heat fusion 2 comment no description Unknown optional heat vaporization heat vaporization no description Unknown optional heat vaporization ref heat vaporization ref no description Unknown optional heat vaporization comment heat vaporization comment no description Unknown optional heat capacity heat capacity no description Unknown optional heat capacity ref heat capacity ref no description Unknown optional heat capacity comment heat capacity comment no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 heat capacity 2 no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 ref heat capacity 2 ref no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 comment heat capacity 2 comment no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 vapor pressure 1 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k vapor pressure 100 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure ref vapor pressure ref no description Unknown optional vapor pressure comment vapor pressure comment no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 vapor pressure 10 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 vapor pressure 100 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k vapor pressure 1 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k vapor pressure 10 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 2 vapor pressure 1 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k 2 vapor pressure 100 k 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 ref vapor pressure 2 ref no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 comment vapor pressure 2 comment no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 2 vapor pressure 10 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 2 vapor pressure 100 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k 2 vapor pressure 1 k 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k 2 vapor pressure 10 k 2 no description Unknown optional atomic properties comment atomic properties comment no description Unknown optional atomic properties atomic properties no description Unknown optional electronegativity electronegativity no description Unknown optional electronegativity ref electronegativity ref no description Unknown optional electronegativity comment electronegativity comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ionization energy 1 no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ref ionization energy 1 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 comment ionization energy 1 comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ionization energy 2 no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ref ionization energy 2 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 comment ionization energy 2 comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ionization energy 3 no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ref ionization energy 3 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 comment ionization energy 3 comment no description Unknown optional number of ionization energies number of ionization energies no description Unknown optional ionization energy ref ionization energy ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy comment ionization energy comment no description Unknown optional atomic radius atomic radius no description Unknown optional atomic radius ref atomic radius ref no description Unknown optional atomic radius comment atomic radius comment no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated atomic radius calculated no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated ref atomic radius calculated ref no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated comment atomic radius calculated comment no description Unknown optional covalent radius covalent radius no description Unknown optional covalent radius ref covalent radius ref no description Unknown optional covalent radius comment covalent radius comment no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius Van der Waals radius no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius ref Van der Waals radius ref no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius comment Van der Waals radius comment no description Unknown optional crystal structure prefix crystal structure prefix no description Unknown optional crystal structure crystal structure no description Unknown optional crystal structure comment crystal structure comment no description Unknown optional crystal structure ref crystal structure ref no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 prefix crystal structure 2 prefix no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 crystal structure 2 no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 comment crystal structure 2 comment no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 ref crystal structure 2 ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound speed of sound no description Unknown optional speed of sound ref speed of sound ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound comment speed of sound comment no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 speed of sound rod at 20 no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 ref speed of sound rod at 20 ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 comment speed of sound rod at 20 comment no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. speed of sound rod at r.t. no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. ref speed of sound rod at r.t. ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. comment speed of sound rod at r.t. comment no description Unknown optional thermal expansion thermal expansion no description Unknown optional thermal expansion ref thermal expansion ref no description Unknown optional thermal expansion comment thermal expansion comment no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 thermal expansion at 25 no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 ref thermal expansion at 25 ref no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 comment thermal expansion at 25 comment no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity thermal conductivity no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity ref thermal conductivity ref no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity comment thermal conductivity comment no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 thermal conductivity 2 no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 ref thermal conductivity 2 ref no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 comment thermal conductivity 2 comment no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity thermal diffusivity no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity ref thermal diffusivity ref no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity comment thermal diffusivity comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity electrical resistivity no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity unit prefix electrical resistivity unit prefix no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity ref electrical resistivity ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity comment electrical resistivity comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 electrical resistivity at 0 no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 ref electrical resistivity at 0 ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 comment electrical resistivity at 0 comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 electrical resistivity at 20 no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 ref electrical resistivity at 20 ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 comment electrical resistivity at 20 comment no description Unknown optional band gap band gap no description Unknown optional band gap ref band gap ref no description Unknown optional band gap comment band gap comment no description Unknown optional Curie point K Curie point K no description Unknown optional Curie point ref Curie point ref no description Unknown optional Curie point comment Curie point comment no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering magnetic ordering no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering ref magnetic ordering ref no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering comment magnetic ordering comment no description Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility no description Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility ref magnetic susceptibility ref no description Unknown optional tensile strength tensile strength no description Unknown optional tensile strength ref tensile strength ref no description Unknown optional tensile strength comment tensile strength comment no description Unknown optional Young's modulus Young's modulus no description Unknown optional Young's modulus ref Young's modulus ref no description Unknown optional Young's modulus comment Young's modulus comment no description Unknown optional Shear modulus Shear modulus no description Unknown optional Shear modulus ref Shear modulus ref no description Unknown optional Shear modulus comment Shear modulus comment no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus Bulk modulus no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus ref Bulk modulus ref no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus comment Bulk modulus comment no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio Poisson ratio no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio ref Poisson ratio ref no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio comment Poisson ratio comment no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness Mohs hardness no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness ref Mohs hardness ref no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness comment Mohs hardness comment no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 Mohs hardness 2 no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 ref Mohs hardness 2 ref no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 comment Mohs hardness 2 comment no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness Vickers hardness no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness ref Vickers hardness ref no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness comment Vickers hardness comment no description Unknown optional Brinell hardness Brinell hardness no description Unknown optional Brinell hardness ref Brinell hardness ref no description Unknown optional Brinell hardness comment Brinell hardness comment no description Unknown optional CAS number CAS number no description Unknown optional CAS number ref CAS number ref no description Unknown optional CAS number comment CAS number comment no description Unknown optional naming naming no description Unknown optional predicted by predicted by no description Unknown optional prediction date prediction date no description Unknown optional discovered by discovered by no description Unknown optional discovery date discovery date no description Unknown optional first isolation by first isolation by no description Unknown optional first isolation date first isolation date no description Unknown optional named by named by no description Unknown optional named date named date no description Unknown optional history comment history comment no description Unknown optional prediction date ref prediction date ref no description Unknown optional discovery and first isolation by discovery and first isolation by no description Unknown optional discovery date ref discovery date ref no description Unknown optional first isolation date ref first isolation date ref no description Unknown optional named date ref named date ref no description Unknown optional history comment label history comment label no description Unknown optional theoretical isotopes comment theoretical isotopes comment no description Unknown optional

Notes

See also

• {{Infobox element}}
• All subpages of Template:Infobox element
• {{Infobox element/element navigation}} (useful links in top of this page)

Tracking categories

• Category:Element infobox templates that need attention (0)
• Category:Pages using infobox element with unknown parameters (0)

Index by periodic table

• {{Periodic table templates overview}}
• {{Index to chemical element pages}}

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